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Information

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Make sure that you obtain several quotations for any work that you are planning, for comparison and ask about the tradesman about membership of professional bodies such as the National Federation of Roofing Contractors. The NFRC is the UK?s largest roofing trade association representing over 60% of the roofing industry by value.

Some tradesmen are regulated by the Trustmark scheme, check this for further peace of mind.

Roofing tiles.

Clay roofing tiles have been used in England for hundreds of years. However, in the last 100 years locally produced, hand made tiles have ceased to be produced.

Traditionally the tiles were simple flat or gently cambered rectangular units, the subtle differences in shape and camber caused by the firing process.

During the Victorian era tile manufacture began to become mechanised, resulting in much more consistent and regular tiles.

Slate

Slate has also been commonly used as a roofing material.

All slate is metamorphic rock. That is, it has been altered from its original form by pressure or intense heat.

There are four distinct areas across England and Wales: the Lake District, which produces a blue-grey slate; mid Wales, where grey slates are won; north-western Wales, where a blue or occasionally plum red slate is quarried; and from Cornwall which produces a greygreen slate known as Delabole.

Slates are produced in various sizes, and are fixed with either pegs or nails in a similar fashion to clay peg tiles.

They are also used to clad walls.

Roofing problems

Cracking
Tile and slate can both crack, due to severe weather as well as natural deterioration.

Cracking around the nail or peg holes also occurs. A natural weakness, the expansion of rusting iron nails or even swelling wooden pegs can exacerbate any imperfection, such as ragged holes.

De-lamination
De-lamination of the underside of the covering is characteristic of slate that has deteriorated through water ingress.

Clay tile is also affected by a similarly destructive process, but because it is man-made and not natural, it crumbles rather than delaminates.

Capillary action also occurs along the joints of tiles and slates and is then drawn to the under side of the covering and into the fabric.

Nail sickness
This is the term applied to nails that are so severely rusted that they can no longer perform their task properly. Years of condensation or rainwater ingress affect the integrity of the iron nails, which can finally fail.

Lack of maintenance can also be a problem, particularly on flat lead valleys, where a build up of detritus can occur. This can lead to the subsequent build up of rainwater and the eventual overspilling of water into the roof void.

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